 |
NARSTO Workshop on Innovative Methods for Emission Inventory Development and Evaluation University of Texas, Austin October 14-17, 2003 |
 |
Poster 23: Scientific Top-to-bottom Estimation Of Large-scale Heavy Metal Emissions For The Modeling And Environmental Assessment In Russia And Other NIS Countries
S. Gromov1, S. Kakareka2 and J. Pacyna3
1 Institute of Geography RAS, Moscow, Russia
2 Institute for Problems of Natural Resources Use & Ecology, Minsk, Belarus &
3 Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
There is an actual necessity fixed by several reasons to evaluate atmospheric heavy metal emissions for the territory of New Independent States (NIS - countries of the former USSR) covered up to 1/6 of continental world surface. The majority of them are to estimate possible remarkable input of their anthropogenic sources into global/regional emissions with internationally compatible base of inventory and to respond evident demands of comprehensive data for long-range modeling of hemispheric/transboundary pollution as well as to provide information for scientific integrated assessment of natural cycles and environmental impact.
The special co-operative project were completed on development of heavy metal emission evaluation and their implementation for flux estimates for NIS territory with participation of scientists from Norway, Russian Federation, Belarus, Uzbekistan under the support by EU INTAS. General methodological problems and procedures are considered based on up-to-bottom scientific approaches for emission evaluation based on common-use statistics of fuel consumption and industrial activity. The developed achievements in methodology and calculation of emission factors were received with respect to technological peculiarities of industrial production in NIS obtained from earlier case studies and current literature analysis. Also the procedures were created to do an effective application of available statistics on economic and other activities published by governmental agencies as well as from other reports of environmental protection agencies and international authorities (UN ECE, OECD, US DoE, World Bank, UNFCCC etc.), from specific literature and conclusions of national scientists and industry experts.
During the emission evaluation the following steps were also included in procedure: collection and verification of published emission and statistical data; specifying of point sources; performing of emission calculation and verification; spatial distribution of emission based on density of population and location of large point sources. According to estimation for 1990-1997 more than 60% and 50% of total emission of lead and cadmium are provided for the region in Russian Federation, correspondently. The inputs of sources of different categories into total emissions are varied both from country to country and by metal. The emissions were presented as fields of area sources according to GEIA grid with more precise values and their spatial distribution than earlier.
This project is funded by EU INTAS (Ref: No 97-31581).